Extension Sources

Every outside source cited on Garden Planet Book, grouped by the section of the site that cites it. Links go to the original publisher. If one has moved or no longer says what the page claims, please report it.

Soil

Colorado State University Extension: CMG GardenNotes #715: Mulches for the vegetable garden
Cornell Cooperative Extension Tompkins County: Getting the most out of your vegetable garden soil test report
Environmental Research Communications (Small et al., 2019), via NSF Public Access Repository: Excess phosphorus from compost applications in urban gardens creates potential pollution hotspots
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach: How to interpret soil test results
NC State Extension: Herbicide carryover in hay, manure, compost, and grass clippings
Oregon State University Extension Service: Soil test interpretation guide (EC 1478)
Oregon State University Extension Service: Wood chips for mulch?
Penn State Extension: Less is more: How to apply compost in your vegetable garden
Rutgers NJAES Cooperative Extension: FS058: Mulches for vegetable gardens
SARE (USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education): Managing Cover Crops Profitably: Cereal rye
SARE (USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education): Managing Cover Crops Profitably: Hairy vetch
South Dakota State University Extension: Carbon to nitrogen ratio of healthy soils
UC Cooperative Extension (summary of Chalker-Scott, J. Environ. Hort. 2007): Impact of mulches on landscape plants and the environment: A review
UMass Amherst Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment: Soil lead: Testing, interpretation, and recommendations
University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service: Plastic mulch, row covers and low tunnels for vegetable production in Alaska
University of Maine Cooperative Extension: What are recommendations for using arborist chips in a vegetable garden?
University of Maryland Extension: Cover crops for gardens
University of Maryland Extension: Understanding your soil test report
University of Minnesota Extension: Compost and soil organic matter: The more, the merrier?
University of Minnesota Extension: Cover crops and green manures in home gardens
University of Minnesota Extension: How much compost should you apply to your garden this spring?
University of Minnesota Extension: How to correct problems caused by using too much compost and manure
University of Minnesota Extension: Mulching for soil and garden health
University of Minnesota Extension: Soil testing for lawns and gardens
University of Minnesota Extension: Spring management of cover crops
University of Minnesota Extension: You might be over-fertilizing your garden
University of Minnesota Soil Testing Laboratory: How to sample: Lawn and garden
University of Minnesota Soil Testing Laboratory: Lawn and garden testing services
University of Minnesota Soil Testing Laboratory: Soil test results (lawn and garden)
Utah State University Extension: Mulches and row covers
Washington State University (L. Chalker-Scott): Wood chip mulch: Landscape boon or bane?

Organic

California Agriculture (UC ANR; Mukome et al., 2013): Testing protocol ensures the authenticity of organic fertilizers
California Department of Food and Agriculture: State Organic Program: Organic Registration
Clemson Cooperative Extension, Land-Grant Press: Purple Tomatoes Boost Nutrition, Crop Value, and Create New Opportunities for U.S. Agriculture
NC State Extension: Extension Gardener Handbook, Chapter 17: Organic Gardening
National Pesticide Information Center (Oregon State University): Pyrethrins General Fact Sheet
National Pesticide Information Center (Oregon State University): Spinosad General Fact Sheet
Oregon State University: Pesticide Labels: Organic Products (Solve Pest Problems)
Organic Materials Review Institute: About OMRI Listed Products
Organic Materials Review Institute: Listing Help Center (FAQ)
Organic Materials Review Institute: OMRI Announces California Liquid Fertilizer Verdict
Organic Materials Review Institute: Using OMRI Listed Products
Organic Materials Review Institute: What We Do
PLOS ONE (Bahlai et al., 2010): Choosing Organic Pesticides over Synthetic Pesticides May Not Effectively Mitigate Environmental Risk in Soybeans
The Non-GMO Project: Non-GMO Project Verification FAQ
The Non-GMO Project: What's the Difference Between Non-GMO and Organic?
U.S. Department of Agriculture: Organic 101: Allowed and Prohibited Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Introduction to Pesticide Labels
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Labeling of Pesticide Products under the National Organic Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: What are Biopesticides?
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Use of the Term Natural on Food Labeling
UC Statewide IPM Program: Bee Precaution Pesticide Ratings
USDA APHIS: APHIS Issues First Regulatory Status Review Response: Norfolk Plant Sciences' Purple Tomato
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Can GMOs Be Used in Organic Products?
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Do I Need to Be Certified Organic?
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Do I Need to Be Certified Organic? (fact sheet)
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Exempt Producers (NOP training module)
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Industry Fact Sheet: National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Labeling Organic Products
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: NOP 3012: Material Review (guidance)
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: Strengthening Organic Enforcement: Frequently Asked Questions
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: The Organic Seal
University of Florida IFAS Extension: Organic Vegetable Gardening in Florida (HS1215)
Xerces Society: Common Organic-Allowed Pesticides
Xerces Society: Organic Pesticides: Comparative Overview
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.101: Exemptions and exclusions from certification
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.105: Allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.202: Land requirements
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.206: Crop pest, weed, and disease management practice standard
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.2: Terms defined
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.310: Agricultural products produced on an exempt or excluded operation
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR 205.601: Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production
eCFR (U.S. Government): 7 CFR Part 66: National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard
eOrganic: Can I Use this Product for Disease Management on my Organic Farm?
eOrganic: Organic Pesticide Labels: What You Need to Know

Pests & Disease

Biological Control (Bjørnson, 2008): Natural enemies of the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens: their inadvertent importation and potential significance for augmentative biological control
Biological Control (Brennan, 2013): Agronomic aspects of strip intercropping lettuce with alyssum for biological control of aphids
Cornell Cooperative Extension: Row Covers for Pest Management on Urban Farms
Cornell University: Disease-resistant tomato varieties
Cornell University: Management of Key Insects and Insect-Vectored Diseases in Organic Cucurbits with Mesotunnel Row Covers
Ecological Applications (Letourneau et al., 2011): Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review
Ecology Letters (Albrecht et al., 2020): The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis
Ecotoxicology (Barbosa et al.): Lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin on the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Environmental Entomology (Fiedler & Landis, 2007): Attractiveness of Michigan Native Plants to Arthropod Natural Enemies and Herbivores
Insects (Catania et al., 2023): Are Botanical Biopesticides Safe for Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)?
Journal of Insect Science (Xavier et al., 2015): Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Botanical Insecticides to Honey Bees
LSU AgCenter: Beehive Buzz: Organic Pesticides VS Pollinators
Mississippi State University Extension: Companion Planting: Myth or Truth?
National Pesticide Information Center: Neem Oil General Fact Sheet
Nature Ecology & Evolution (Wan et al.): Global evidence that plant diversity suppresses pests and promotes plant performance and crop production
Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County: Washing Pests Away
Oregon State University Extension Service: Encouraging Beneficial Insects in the Garden (PNW 550)
UC Statewide IPM Program: Aphids (Home and Landscape)
UC Statewide IPM Program: Bee Precaution Pesticide Ratings
UC Statewide IPM Program: Convergent Lady Beetle (Natural Enemies Gallery)
UC Statewide IPM Program: Lady Beetle Releases for Aphid Control: How to Help Them Work
UC Statewide IPM Program: Lettuce Aphid (Lettuce Pest Management Guidelines)
UC Statewide IPM Program: Protecting Natural Enemies and Pollinators
UConn Extension and UMass Extension: Some Concerns with Using Wild Collected Lady Beetles
UConn Integrated Pest Management: Perimeter Trap Cropping for Yellow and Green Summer Squash
UF/IFAS Gardening Solutions: Garden Myths, Volume Two
UMass Amherst / New England Vegetable Management Guide: Slitted and Floating Row Covers
UNH Extension: Using Row Covers in the Garden
US Environmental Protection Agency: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles
University of Florida IFAS Extension: Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) for Nematode Management
University of Illinois Extension: Companion Planting: Anecdotal or Tried and Tested?
University of Maryland Extension: Row Covers
University of Maryland Extension: Squash Vine Borer on Vegetables
University of Missouri Extension: Disease Prevention in Home Vegetable Gardens (G6202)
University of Wisconsin–Madison Extension: Floating Row Cover
Washington State University (Linda Chalker-Scott): The Myth of Companion Plantings
Xerces Society: Organic Pesticides: Minimizing Risks to Pollinators and Beneficial Insects
Xerces Society: Potential risks of releasing native lady beetles
eCFR (USDA National Organic Program): 7 CFR 205.206 Crop pest, weed, and disease management practice standard

Seed Starting

Alabama Cooperative Extension System: Soil Temperature Conditions for Vegetable Seed Germination (ANR-1061)
Ask Extension (Extension Foundation): LED grow lights, distance away from plants and dim feature
Auburn University / Alabama Cooperative Extension System: Freeze Protection: Weather Terminology
Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center: Extending the Growing Season in South Carolina: Row Covers, Cold Frames, and Other Tricks
K-State Research and Extension, Johnson County: Lighting options for starting seed (LEDs vs. Fluorescent)
NC State Extension: Extension Gardener Handbook, Appendix E: Season Extenders and Greenhouses
NC State Extension: Interpreting Freeze/Frost Probabilities from the National Centers for Environmental Information (AG-873)
NOAA Climate.gov: Interactive map: average date of last spring freeze across the United States
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information: U.S. Climate Normals
National Weather Service, Charleston WV: Frost and Freeze Information
Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County: Hardening Off Transplants
Ohio State University Extension (Buckeye Yard and Garden onLine): Is it Time to Plant Your Vegetable Garden? Check the Soil Temperature!
Oregon State University Extension Service: Soil temperature conditions for vegetable seed germination
Purdue University Extension: Measuring Daily Light Integral in a Greenhouse (HO-238-W)
South Dakota State University Extension: Cold Frames
South Dakota State University Extension: Harden Your Transplants Prior to Planting Your Garden
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Climate Change Indicators: Length of Growing Season
University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service: Plastic Mulch, Row Covers and Low Tunnels for Vegetable Production in Alaska
University of Illinois Extension: Starting a Garden: Hardening Off Indoor Seedlings
University of Maine Cooperative Extension: Bulletin #2752, Extending the Gardening Season
University of Maryland Extension: Hardening Off Vegetable Seedlings for the Home Garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Starting seeds indoors
University of New Hampshire Extension: Growing Seedlings Under Lights [Fact Sheet]
University of New Hampshire Extension: Using Row Covers in the Garden
University of Wisconsin–Madison Extension, Kenosha County: When's the Right Time to Plant Vegetables? Check Soil Temperature
Utah State University Extension: Extending the Garden Season
Utah State University Extension: Starting Vegetable Seeds Indoors: Seeding, Culture, and Transplanting
West Virginia University Extension: Low Tunnels for Beginners

Berries

Clemson University Home & Garden Information Center: Blackberry
Colorado State University Extension: Spotted-wing Drosophila: Management in Home Plantings
Cornell University: Raspberry viruses (Berry Diagnostic Tool)
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach: Spotted Wing Drosophila in Home Gardens
Journal of Integrated Pest Management (Walsh et al., 2011): Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Invasive Pest of Ripening Soft Fruit Expanding its Geographic Range and Damage Potential
NC State Extension: Blackberries for the Home Garden
National Clean Plant Network: Berries
National Clean Plant Network: Berry Certification
National Clean Plant Network: FAQs
Ohio State University Extension: Raspberries for the Home Fruit Planting
Oregon State University Extension Service: Growing blackberries in your home garden (EC 1303)
Oregon State University Extension Service: Growing raspberries in your home garden (EC 1306)
Oregon State University Extension Service: Growing strawberries in your home garden (EC 1307)
Rutgers Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research: Salt Float Method for Spotted Wing Drosophila Extraction
Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium: Blackberry Yellow Vein Disease
Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium: Importance of Clean Plants in Small Fruit Production
UC Statewide IPM Program: Orange Rust of Caneberries
UC Statewide IPM Program: Pest Notes: Spotted-Wing Drosophila
UC Statewide IPM Program: Virus Diseases of Caneberries
UMass Amherst Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment: Spotted Wing Drosophila Management
USDA Agricultural Research Service: Rosette (Double Blossom) of Blackberry
University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service: Blackberry Production in the Home Garden (FSA-6105)
University of Illinois Extension: Caring for Raspberries
University of Maryland Extension: Growing Strawberries in a Home Garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Growing raspberries in the home garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Growing strawberries in the home garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Spotted wing drosophila
University of Minnesota Extension: Strawberry end-of-season renovation
University of Minnesota Extension: Viruses of backyard fruit

Reference

LSU AgCenter: Blackberry Varieties for Louisiana
NC State Extension: Get Growing: Strawberries in the Garden
NC State Extension: Interpreting Freeze/Frost Probabilities from the National Centers for Environmental Information
NC State Extension: Southeast Regional Caneberry Production Guide: Cultivars
NC State Extension: Southeast Regional Caneberry Production Guide: Site Preparation, Planting, and Establishment
National Clean Plant Network: NCPN-Berries
Oklahoma State University Extension: Blackberry and Raspberry Culture for the Home Garden (HLA-6215)
Oregon State University Extension Service: Growing blackberries in your home garden (EC 1303)
Oregon State University Extension Service: Plant strawberries in early spring for a sweeter summer
Organic Materials Review Institute: About OMRI
Penn State Extension: Planting, Nutrition, Harvest, and Postharvest Care of Brambles in Home Gardens
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension: An Update (2024) to: Can you grow raspberries in Texas?
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension: Texas Fruit & Nut Production: Blackberries
UC Davis Fruit & Nut Research & Information Center: About Chilling Hours, Units, and Portions
UF/IFAS Extension: Choosing the Right Blackberry Cultivar in Subtropical Florida (HS1352)
UF/IFAS Extension: Growing Strawberries in the Florida Home Garden (HS1154/HS403)
US Environmental Protection Agency: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: National Organic Program
USDA Agricultural Research Service: 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
USDA Agricultural Research Service: Plant Hardiness Zone Map: Map Creation
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Soil Tech Note 15A: Cation Exchange Capacity
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture: Chill Hours and Heat Units for Fruit Production
University of Illinois Extension: Growing Blackberries
University of Illinois Extension: Growing Raspberries
University of Illinois Extension: Growing Strawberries
University of Maine Cooperative Extension: Raspberry and Blackberry Varieties for Maine (Bulletin #2172)
University of Maryland Extension: Growing Raspberries and Blackberries in a Home Garden
University of Maryland Extension: Growing Strawberries in a Home Garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Growing raspberries in the home garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Growing strawberries in the home garden
University of Minnesota Extension: Soil testing for lawns and gardens
University of Minnesota Extension: Spotted wing drosophila
University of Minnesota Extension: Viruses of backyard fruit
University of Minnesota Soil Testing Laboratory: Soil Test Results (Lawn & Garden)
Washington State University Extension: Using Arborist Wood Chips as a Landscape Mulch (FS160E)